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The word "proxy" refers to the term "proxy" which refers to proxy or proxy server, a software which serves as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users can send a request straight to servers, and the server would provide the resource directly back at the requester's expense. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and utilize, the addition of proxies can bring benefits such as enhanced performance and privacy, security and many more. As a further layer of pass-through, the proxy serves as a security safeguard for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled system of server hardware with proxy software installed is often referred to as a proxy server. This article will focus on proxies typically considered to be software, and specifically with regard to web servers. This article will give an explanation of the two main types, namely one being a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the overlapping terminology.




This article will give you the knowledge of the different types of proxies, the subtypes they are, as well as the way they work with a range of configurations. In this article, you'll be able to identify situations in which a proxy is beneficial, and choose the correct solution between reverse proxy and forward proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also called an open proxy is a means of intermediary for a client trying to send a request over the internet to a source server. In this situation the entire effort to send requests made by the user will instead be transmitted through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting as a substitute as the customer, is able to take a look at the request. In the beginning, it will determine if the client can accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client isn't capable of having directly access to internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows the client to connect.




A common use case of forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet as a client and it may use an alternative IP address that is different to the client's original IP address.




Depending on how it has been configured in accordance with the configuration forward proxy may provide a variety of functions and permit you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the geolocation of your home.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems of centralized security and access based on permissions, like at a workplace. If all traffic on the internet flows via an open forward proxy an administrator can grant access to only a few people to connect on the internet, which is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the layer of clients, which could be used by multiple computer systems with different configurations and environment, the firewall may be installed at this layer to forward proxy data.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies need to be configured manually and reverse proxies could be ignored by the client. Based on the type of the IP address that a user is sent to the server from which it was received via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or denied.




There are many possibilities to look into forward proxy options:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server, that can provide forward proxy features.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete Web Server System. You can refer to our step-by-step instructions to installing Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for use situations such as peer-topeer traffic. You might also want to look into how to configure a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary between a web server, handling the incoming requests of customers on behalf of the server. This server can function as a one server, or multiple servers. Additionally, it can be used for application servers such as Gunicorn. In any event it is possible to send a request through the internet in general. Typically the request will be sent directly to the server with what the client is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary, securing the web server from direct communication with the internet's open.




From a consumer's point of perspective, the experience of working with reverse proxy isn't a lot different from working with the server by itself. It's exactly the same thing, however the client can't discern the difference. Clients can make a request for the resource and it is provided with it, with no additional configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features such as:




Security centralized for web servers.


The direction of traffic coming in is by rules you have set.


The caching function is now available to users.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this service to the web server layer, but not the client layer. instead of having to maintain firewalls on Web server layers which may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security can be directed towards the reverse proxy layer. In addition eliminating the hassle of dealing with firewalls and interacting with requests from customers outside of web servers allows them to focus on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are several servers working in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also manages which requests go to which server. There may be several web servers that provide the identical service, but each providing different kinds of resources, or a mix of both. These servers could be running the HTTP protocol as a conventional web server. However, they can include other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure a reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server based on the service requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also be able to benefit from their position prior to web servers by providing the ability to cache data. The large static files can be configured by caching rules so that they avoid Web servers from being hit every time a request is made. Certain solutions allow you to upload static files directly, by not connecting with the website server. Furthermore the reverse proxy can handle the compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also an effective reverse proxy solution. Although Nginx, the Apache web server has reverse proxy features as an alternative option for Apache while Nginx was initially designed and is specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Between Forward and Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" or "reverse" have associations with directionality, as well as false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxy can handle requests as well as responses. Another method of separating between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy could be helpful when creating an application to run websites on the internet. They act as your web server for all interactions over the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is placed in front of customers either for your personal use or within the corporate setting. It is a way to protect the information of your client every time you use the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of case instead of focusing on common naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the purpose of a proxy with two kinds: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use along with an examination of the most useful attributes were used to identify the two kinds of proxy: forward and reverse. If you're looking to know more about the advantages of proxies, then we suggest you read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx for use as a web server and reverse proxy on Apache running on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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